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    Yield and quality analysis of bioethanol produced from waste coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) and sugarcane molasses under different fermentation conditions
    Rom, Ferly Jane N. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)
    Bioethanol production involves materials containing sugar to be converted into alcohol. It is a process that requires fermentation, where active organisms are utilized to break down sugar and turns them into alcohol. The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal conditions in the fermentation of waste coconut water and sugarcane molasses with initial pH level between 4.0 - 5.0 for six days in order to produce good quality of bioethanol. the experimental samples were laid in complete randomized design (CRD) with three treatments, namely; T 1 (Aerobic), T2 (Anaerobic) and T3 (Aerobic-anaerobic) and each was replicated four times. The parameters assessed were pH level after fermentation, alcohol content (%), ethanol content (%) of the bioethanol. The gathered data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD at 5% level of significance. Based on the results, T3 obtained the highest mean pH level of 3.15 after fermentation and alcohol content of 1.6%, followed by T2 with a mean pH level of 3.0 and an alcohol content of 1.1%. T1 obtained the lowest mean pH level of 2.92 after fermentation and an alcohol content of 0.4%. The results revealed further that T3 produced highest percentage of ethanol content of 24.4% and yielding 2.8% bioethanol, followed by T2 obtaining 16.4% ethanol content and yielding 1.8% bioethanol. Lastly, T1 got the lowest ethanol content of 3.01% and yielding 1% bioethanol among the tree treatments. The ANOVA results revealed that there's a high significant difference in terms on the pH level after fermentation and alcohol content (%) among the means of the three treatments. Generally, based on the results, the researcher concludes that, T3 (Aerobic-anaerobic) is the most effective condition in the fermentation process of waste coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) and sugarcane molasses utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol production.
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    Conductive effect of ferric chloride (FeCl3) on carbonized Chloris barbata Sw. stem via activation-carbonization-pyrolysis method
    Retiza, Debie T. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)
    This study was conducted to determine the conductive effect of ferric chloride (FeCl3) on carbonized Chloris barbata sw. stem via the activation-carbonization-pyrolysis method. The study was accomplished utilizing a Completely Randomized Design, which comprised five (5) treatments and three (3) replications. The activated carbon produced was made using C. barbata stem and ferric chloride (FeCl3) at different molar concentrations. Control -no FeCl3(T1), 1 molar concentration (T5). The study was carried out to determine the electrical conductivity, surface characteristics in terms of pore and elemental composition, surface area, and the cost analysis of the activated carbon. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA of variance at 1% and 5% significance levels, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Disperse X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the electrical conductivity of all treatments was shown to be statistically highly significant. According to the findings, T5 (4 M) registered the highest electrical conductivity at 2677.06 x 10-6 μS/m. It was also found to display micropore structure and various organic and inorganic functionalities, register relatively low surface area, and more acceptable production cost per unit mass.
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    Adsorption of methylene blue by magnetized achiote (Bixa orellana) pericarp ash: Effect of pH and kinetics
    Arellano, Jeramay, M. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
    Wastewater management has long been a significant issue for society. In the Philippines, achiote pericarp is often considered an agricultural waste. It is typically left in open fields or burned in the open air near the trees where they are harvested. This study explores the potential use of this waste material (achiote pericarp ash, APA) in removing dye from liquid solutions. To improve the adsorption capacity of APA, it is necessary to incorporate Fe3O4 into it. This will enhance its ability to effectively adsorb Methylene blue solution. To address this, APA had been impregnated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles to produce magnetized APA (MAPA). The APA used in this study was sourced from the farmlands of J. P. Laurel Malungon, Sarangani, Philippines. An adsorption experiment was thoroughly conducted, investigating the effects of pH and kinetic changes. The MB adsorption process was found to fit with a pseudo-quadratic model, with maximum adsorption observed at pH 10. The identification of functional groups presents before and after magnetization was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Among theme were -OH (intramolecular H-bond), O=OH (phosphorus oxoacid), -CO-CH3 (ketone), -OH (primary alcohol), and -SiCl3 (silicon compounds). These findings encourage farmers to reuse agricultural waste as a valuable product. Future related research could investigate the use of a different dye color or another type of biomass. Ultimately, this investigation provides significant knowledge about the potential role of agricultural by-products for wastewater treatment processes.
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    Acceptability level of banana (Musa balbisiana) and calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peels as alternative floorwax
    Rosit, Khitterine Fel l. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-03)
    The objective of the study was to determine the acceptability-level of Davao del Sur State College’s Banana (Musa balbisiana) peels and Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peels as alternative floor wax. It was an invention product that could be further recycled into an item of excellent quality that would be valuable to families in terms of appearance, color, odor, slip-resistance and water-resistance. This research comprises five treatments and will have thirty participants. Demonstration of product innovation and a use of complete randomized design and a survey questionnaire with a predetermined rating scale using a Likert Scale of 1.00 to 5.00 was use to collect the data. The results of a descriptive-comparative research approach and analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that banana (cardava) and calamansi peels was more acceptable and treatment 3 had the highest mean and verbal description of being the most acceptable and ii valued by the respondents. Therefore, Treatment 3 is the best as it most acceptable than the control group in terms of the sensory characteristics conducted appearance, color, odor, slip-resistance and water-resistance. As a result, it may be improved and adapted for commercialization, thereby rendering it more appealing to buyers. Innovations and development of banana and calamansi peels as alternative floor wax are highly encouraged. It was recommended to use proper and accurate textile or fabric of rag in applying this alternative floor wax, and it was suggested, which is considered a major issue for environmental and green ecology, that this waste is dumped in landfills, contributing to pollution problems and environmental issues. Finding solutions to the world, particularly the Philippines, environmental problems as a result, this is the crucial initial step in resolving it.
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    Acceptability level of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones
    Algabre, Honey Mae C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-04)
    This study was primarily conducted which aimed to determine the acceptability level of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones in terms of sensory characteristics namely; palatability, odor, color, texture, and appearance; to determine the significant difference on the level of acceptability among five treatments; and to identify the significant difference on the level of acceptability among the respondents. The study's findings indicated that, among the five treatments tested, treatment 2 was the most acceptable. The study's respondents were 15 randomly selected students and 15 randomly selected Faculty members from Davao del Sur State College. Given that there were five treatments in this study, the Randomized Complete Block Design was utilized, and each treatment was replicated three times. The study used descriptive statistics to determine that the treatment of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones was rated as the most acceptable by the respondents in terms of sensory characteristics such as palatability, texture, odor, color, and appearance. Furthermore, the T-test result suggested that there was no significant difference on the level of acceptability of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones among the respondents. The ANOVA result indicated that there was a significant difference on the level of acceptability of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones among the five treatments. Moreover, the study indicated that treatment 2 of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones was the most acceptable could be sought after for future studies to be worked on in anticipation of commercialization.