Undergraduate Theses

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14578/5

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21

Adsorption of methylene blue by magnetized achiote (Bixa orellana) pericarp ash: Effect of pH and kinetics
Arellano, Jeramay, M. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
Wastewater management has long been a significant issue for society. In the Philippines, achiote pericarp is often considered an agricultural waste. It is typically left in open fields or burned in the open air near the trees where they are harvested. This study explores the potential use of this waste material (achiote pericarp ash, APA) in removing dye from liquid solutions. To improve the adsorption capacity of APA, it is necessary to incorporate Fe3O4 into it. This will enhance its ability to effectively adsorb Methylene blue solution. To address this, APA had been impregnated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles to produce magnetized APA (MAPA). The APA used in this study was sourced from the farmlands of J. P. Laurel Malungon, Sarangani, Philippines. An adsorption experiment was thoroughly conducted, investigating the effects of pH and kinetic changes. The MB adsorption process was found to fit with a pseudo-quadratic model, with maximum adsorption observed at pH 10. The identification of functional groups presents before and after magnetization was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Among theme were -OH (intramolecular H-bond), O=OH (phosphorus oxoacid), -CO-CH3 (ketone), -OH (primary alcohol), and -SiCl3 (silicon compounds). These findings encourage farmers to reuse agricultural waste as a valuable product. Future related research could investigate the use of a different dye color or another type of biomass. Ultimately, this investigation provides significant knowledge about the potential role of agricultural by-products for wastewater treatment processes.
Android-based classroom attendance monitoring system using QR technology with SMS notification
Genobisa, Kenneth N. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024)
This paper introduces an innovative Android-based classroom attendance monitoring system aimed at overcoming the limitations of traditional manual tracking methods within educational environments. By harnessing SMS notifications and QR codes, the system seeks to enhance both accuracy and efficiency. The system utilizes individual QR codes assigned to students to streamline attendance recording, eliminating the need for manual data entry and reducing errors. eliminating the need for manual data entry and reducing errors. Furthermore, automatic SMS notifications promptly update parents on their student's attendance status, thereby promoting transparency and communication between home and school. The study outlines the developmental objectives of various modules, including storing attendance data, scanning QR codes, managing user accounts, and generating reports. It emphasizes functionality, usability, and reliability in system design. The research's significance lies in its potential to enhance the effectiveness and transparency of attendance monitoring, benefiting school administrators, students, parents, and future researchers alike. Deployed initially at Alfredo Eugenio Sr. Elementary School, the system addresses challenges such as mobile network stability and device reliability, thereby contributing to advancements in educational technology and attendance management
Automated misting and android-based monitoring system for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus SP.) production
Cabrera, Cedie Vince E. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
This study was conducted to maintain optimal temperature and humidity, which is crucial for oyster mushroom growth; otherwise, it could impede mushroom development. An automated misting and Android-based monitoring system was developed to address this challenge. Other studies have used an automated mister; however, system monitoring is unavailable. Davao del Sur State College mushroom facility relies entirely on environmental temperature and humidity. The findings are as follows: A DHT11 sensor was used to read the temperature and humidity within a 5cm range from the sensor, spray mist when the DHT11 sensor detects a temperature of 28 degrees celsius and 72% relative humidity, HC04 Ultra-Sonic Sensor is used for water refill automation when the water reaches 7cm away from it, display humidity, temperature, and water level at 5 second intervals, and generate a graph based on average temperature, humidity, and water level calculated per month. The result of the study contributes to the agricultural aspects, specifically in mushroom farming, hence decreasing the farmer's workload and increasing the harvest yield, farming automation, and academic research. The research outcome is a foundation for new studies leading to a better understanding of farming with a more enhanced system for a better farming yield.
Conductive effect of ferric chloride (FeCl₃) on carbonized Chloris barbata Sw. stem via activation-carbonization-pyrolysis method
Retiza, Debie T. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)
This study was conducted to determine the conductive effect of ferric chloride (FeCl₃) on carbonized Chloris barbata sw. stem via the activation-carbonization-pyrolysis method. The study was accomplished utilizing a Completely Randomized Design, which comprised five (5) treatments and three (3) replications. The activated carbon produced was made using C. barbata stem and ferric chloride (FeCl₃) at different molar concentrations. Control -no FeCl₃(T1), 1 molar concentration (T5). The study was carried out to determine the electrical conductivity, surface characteristics in terms of pore and elemental composition, surface area, and the cost analysis of the activated carbon. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA of variance at 1% and 5% significance levels, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Disperse X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the electrical conductivity of all treatments was shown to be statistically highly significant. According to the findings, T5 (4 M) registered the highest electrical conductivity at 2677.06 x 10^-6 μS/m. It was also found to display micropore structure and various organic and inorganic functionalities, register relatively low surface area, and more acceptable production cost per unit mass.
Evaluation and processing of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tubers as alternative sweetener and granulation contents
Sedon, Rozelle (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
The study was conducted to develop a Yacon tuber food-grade granule sugar and determine brix level mineral content to produce an alternative sweetener. The study employed a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications associated with determining the level of sugar in Yacon tubers. Treatment 1 with a physical color of Pale White and is considered as fresh Yacon tubers has a mean of 10.00 with a sugar concentration of 100 grams per liter while treatment 2 with a physical color of Yellow has been stored for 3 days has a mean of 14.00 and has a sugar concentration of 140 grams per liter. Treatment 3 with a physical color of Mild Orange has a mean ratio of 14.67 with a sugar concentration of 146.7 grams per liter. The study reveals that the physical color Yellow (Treatment 2) and Mild Orange (Treatment 3) has a significant difference in the level of sugar concentration of Yacon tubers as an alternative sweetener. The findings indicate that the level of brix content has a significant effect on the physical color of Yacon tubers according to the number of days of storage. Furthermore, treatment 3 has the highest sugar concentration among all treatments.
Evaluation of design greywater filtration system with treatment component using Moringa oleifera seed powder
De Manuel, Charisse B. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
The study on the "Evaluation of Designed Filtration System with Treatment Component Using Moringa oleifera Seed Powder" was conducted last February- April 2024 at Sinaragan, Matanao, Davao del Sur. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in the study. There were three treatments: T1 - 5mL/L MO seed powder stock solution, T2 - 7.5 mL/L MO seed powder stock solution, and T3 - 10 mL/L MOS seed powder stock solution, which were replicated three times. The performance of the combined grease trap, biosand filter, and Moringa oleifera seeds greywater filtration system was assessed based on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and pH of the treated greywater. The filtration system, utilizing various MOSP dosages as a treatment component, effectively enhanced wastewater quality. The results indicated that varying the MOSP dosage significantly affected the system's performance regarding Electrical Conductivity (EC). Analysis using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test revealed that the greywater produced by using the developed filtration system with the application of T1 notably differed from that applied with T3, with treated greywater applied with T1 achieving the lowest EC, reducing the untreated greywater's EC by 14.78%. The developed system also contributed to substantial reductions in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BDO) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of greywater, achieving reductions of 73.65% to 80.68% and 86.17% to 87.88%, respectively. The system was also able to maintain the pH of treated greywater at neutral level. Treatment of greywater in the developed filtration system applied with different levels of MOSP at 5 ml/L, 7.5 ml/L, and 19 ml/L can produce a similar reduction effect in BOD, TSS, and pH levels. The system was able to reduce BOD, TSS, and EC, and retained neutral pH of treated greywater, meeting regularly standards set by DAO 2016-08 and PAES 232:2017, confirming its overall effectiveness in treating greywater.
Evaluation of magnetized miracle fruit (Crescentia cujete) peel ash in the adsorption of methylene blue at different dosage
Calledo, Carol Joy A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-08)
This study evaluated the magnetized miracle fruit peel ash (MMFPA) as an efficient methylene blue adsorbent. The effect of dosage (0.5 g, 1 g. 1.5 g, 2 g, 2.5 g, and 3 g) was studied to determine the equilibrium concentration, equilibrium adsorption capacity, and removal efficiency of the adsorbent. The experimental data was analyzed using the One-way ANOVA at 1% and 5% level of significance. The treatment means was compared using the Tukeys's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test. Based on the result in the equilibrium concentration, Dosage Six (D6) had the lowest equilibrium concentration at 0.7997 ppm. In relation to the adsorption equilibrium capacity, D6 had the lowest equilibrium adsorption capacity at 1.64 mg/g. In the removal efficiency, D6 exhibited highest removal efficiency at 98.40%, showing a substantial decrease in the concentration in methylene blue. In general, this study concluded that magnetized miracle fruit peel ash demonstrated a high potential as an economical alternative for treatment of dye contaminated wastewater.
Evaluation of tray solar dryer for cacao beans
Reponte, Maria Fe E. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)
The evaluation of tray solar dryer for cacao beans was conducted at Davao del Sur State College (DSSC). The testing of samples was dried in the tray solar dryer in 2 batches operated separately for trials. It was revealed that the moisture content of the samples was reduced from 48% to 6.5% for the batch of operation same as the second batch reduced from 48.3% to 6.5%. It was found out that the total mean of drying rate in the second batch (2.48 g/min) was relatively high than the first batch (1.97 g/min). For the drying capacity, it was observed that the second batch (297.71 g/hr) was relatively high than the first batch (285.07 g/hr). In addition, the drying recovery revealed that the first batch (96%) was relatively high than the second batch (95%). It also observed that the drying efficiency in the first batch (4.5%) was higher than the second batch (3.7%). While the air flow rate of first batch (4.83 m3/min) was lower than second batch (5.35 m3/min). In terms of drying time, the second batch with two layers required less time (48 hours) than the first batch (60 hours). According to its financial analysis, using 4 trays had a higher return on investment of tray solay dryer for cacao beans of 80% and a payback period of 1.2 years than using 6 trays, which had 73% and 1.4 years of payback period. In conclusion, the result of the parameters in the two batches had difference from each other due to weather condition every day. It varies from time to time because of the temperature that was uncontrolled.
GIS-based spatial inventory and characterization of spring water sources in the Municipality of Malungon, Sarangani Province
Pesiao, Analie C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-08)
This study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of spring water sources and to characterize the discharge and elevation of spring water sources in the municipality of Malungon, Sarangani Province. The study was carried out within the 30 barangays of Malungon, Sarangani Province. A Global Positioning System (GPS) device was used to obtain the coordinates and elevation of the identified springs. A calibrated 12-L container and a digital stopwatch were used to measure the discharge of the identified spring water sources. There were 76 identified springs in the municipality of Malungon, Sarangani Province. The total discharge of all identified springs was found to be 62.650L/sec, with barangay Data Batong having the highest total discharge of 24L/sec. The highest elevation of the identified springs was located in barangay Data Bila at 827m above sea level. The potential water yield from these springs was calculated to be 5,412.880m³ /day. The study concludes that the discharge of spring water sources varies based on location, with elevation being a significant factor affecting discharge. The results provide valuable information for government agencies and other stakeholders involved in water development and planning in Malungon.
GIS-based spatial mapping inventory of agricultural machineries in Bansalan, Davao del Sur
Culango, Arah May Q. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
Agricultural machinery has become an integral part of agricultural sector today, and has revolutionized the way of farming and production. The study conducted to assess the status of all Agricultural machineries in the area. This study was conducted at the municipality of Bansalan, Davao del Sur last November 2023 to January 2024. It aimed to assess and determine the status of all agricultural machineries in Bansalan, Davao del Sur. A complete enumeration sampling design was used in data gathering among the eleven (11) barangays with identified agricultural machineries in the municipality of Bansalan, Davao del Sur. A survey questionnaire was used to determine the owners' profile and machinery's profile using the Global Positioning System (GPS), the coordinates of the location of all machinery storage in the municipality was gathered. Results showed that 90% of the agricultural machineries were functional while only 10% were under-maintenance and non-operational. Results showed that there was 85% of registered and 15% of unregistered machineries. These results may be useful as a source of monitoring and evaluation. Moreover, registration status of the agricultural machinery need improve regulatory compliance. The inventory was utilized to monitor the usage of agricultural machinery over time, assess the impact of interventions, and evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural programs and policies. Thus, the findings may be relevant in the development of municipal legislation wherein barangay or municipal officials may use the study to propose and implement projects such as mechanization level and index mapping in specific agricultural operations in the municipality to improve the production in the municipality. Also, promote Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization Law of 2018.
Growth and yield of lettuce under Kratky hydroponics using coco peat mixed with charcoal and oyster shell as growing media
Cañedo, Ranel A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
A study was conducted in March in sitio Balutakay Managa, Bansalan, Davao del Sur to investigate the growth and yield of lettuce using Kratky hydroponics. The growing media consisted of cocopeat mixed with charcoal and oyster shell. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three (3) treatments and five (5) replications. Specifically, the purpose of this research was to identify the growth and yield of lettuce under Kratky hydroponics using cocopeat mixed with charcoal and oyster shell as growing media in terms of plant height, number of leaves, root length and yield. In terms of plant height, treatment 1 (87.5% (266 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 5% (15.2 g) oyster shell) had the highest mean height with (20.240 cm) while treatment 2 (82.5% (250.8 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 10% (30.4 g) oyster shell) had the lowest mean height with 19.508 cm. In number of leaves, treatment 1 (87.5% (266 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 5% (15.2 g) oyster shell) had the highest number of leaves with (14,000 cm). In root length, treatment 2 (82.5%), (250.8 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 10% (30.4 g) oyster shell) had the highest mean root length with (20.624 cm) while treatment 3 (77.5%) 5.6 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 5% (15.2 g) oyster shell) had the highest mean plant yield with (0.121 kg) while treatment 2 (82.5%), (250.8 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 10% (30.4 g) oyster shell) had the lowest mean of (0.109 kg).
Growth and yield performance of loose-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under greenhouse condition using different levels of ventilation in Barangay Kapatagan, Digos City, Davao del Sur
Ragomio, Ranel Q. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of loose-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under greenhouse condition using different levels of ventilation in Brgy. Kapatagan, Digos City, Davao del Sur. A Complete Randomized Design was used as the experimental layout of the study with 3 treatments replicated 3 times. The treatments used were as follows: Treatment 1 (T1) = Ambient Airflow, Treatment 2 (T2) = 1 Intake Fan and 1 Exhaust Fan and Treatment 3 (T3) = 2 Intake Fans and 2 Exhaust Fans. It was evaluated during 15th, 30th and 40th day after transplanting. Data were statistically analyzed using Single Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test was used to identify treatments that are significantly different from each other. The result on analysis of variance (ANOVA), shows that there were significantly difference among treatments in terms of plant height, number of leaves and yield of loose-leaf lettuce. Tukey's test results, revealed that the plant height of loose-leaf lettuce during 15th day after transplanting T1 and T2, T1 and T3 significantly differ from each other while, T2 and T3 has no significant difference. Result also revealed that on 30th and 40th day after transplanting T1, T2 and T3 has a significant difference from each other. In terms on the number of leaves on 15th and 30th day after transplanting Treatment 1 has significant difference against Treatment 2 and Treatment 3. However, Treatment 2 and Treatment 3 have no significant difference from each other. While on 40th day after transplanting results shows that T1, T2 and T3 has a significance difference to each other. In terms on the yield (g) of loose-leaf lettuce, all treatments show that treatment 3 was observed to be the best experimental treatments in all parameters.
Nutritional and sensory attributes of banana coffee produced from cavendish banana (Musa cavendishii) flesh at different maturity stage
Itang, Kris Caresza Kate C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
This study was conducted to utilized and process rejected cavendish banana fruits into coffee. Sensory evaluation (Aroma, Texture, Color, and General Acceptability), Nutritional Analysis (Protein, Fat, Fiber, Ash, and carbohydrates), and Microbial Analysis in terms of bacterial and fungi count were performed to assess the quality and characteristics of the banana coffee and were analyzed using T-test. In the overall rating, T2 got higher mean rating percentage of Aroma (3.26%), Texture (4.2%), Color (4.106%), and the General Acceptability parameter with 3.36%. For proximate analysis, T1 got higher content percentage in terms of protein (3.742%), Fiber (2.21%), and Ash (5.5%), and T2 for carbohydrates (86.8%) and Fat (5.6%). In microbial analysis, both treatments got equal bacterial count (total plate count) of <1.1 cfu/g however, T2 contained less yeast and molds count (fungi count) of 4.7 x 10 (2) cfu/g present in the composite sample. Based on the T-test result, only aroma difference was not statistically significant while texture, color, and general acceptability showed significant difference. Hence, this study still needs more modification in order to enhance the quality of processing cavendish banana into coffee.
Physical characterization of coconut fruit (Cocos nucifera L.)
Andallaza, Leamae B. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
This study investigated the physical characteristics of Tacunan Green Dwarf (TACD) coconuts from a farm in Barangay Harada Butai, Padada, Davao del Sur. The farm spans 4 hectares, with 16-year-old trees grown at an elevation of 18 meters in clay soil. Farming practices involved fertilizer application and intercropping. Key parameters examined include major diameter, minor diameter, intermediate diameter, flesh thickness, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, fruit weight, shell weight, husk weight, coconut water weight, and flesh weight. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used to evaluate the data using three treatments: Young coconut fruits (Treatment 1), fairly mature coconut fruits (Treatment 2), and mature coconut fruits (Treatment 3). The physical characteristics of young, fairly mature, and mature coconut fruits differ significantly (p < 0.05) according to the results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. The mean major diameter (length) decreases as the coconut matures, wherein T1 had the highest value of 130.96 mm. T2 has the highest mean minor diameter of 116.17 mm and intermediate diameter of 117.48 mm. Flesh thickness was highest in T2 with 4.55 mm. The geometric mean diameter, sphericity, and surface area were also highest in T2, with values 119.66 mm, 0.94, and 45281.18 mm2, respectively, indicating optimal size and shape during the fairly mature stage. Weight components varied, with T2 having the highest mean fruit weight of 1075.32 g and water weight of 467.89 g, and T3 the highest flesh weight (384.82 g), while shell and husk weights were highest in T1, having values of 319.36 g and 2268.76 g respectively, and decreased with maturity. This study underscores the significant differences in the physical characteristics of coconut fruit across different maturity stages, providing essential insights into their growth and development patterns.
Processing of cacao by-products and corn bran as feed pellet for rabbit
Calamba, Elsie O. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
The study was conducted to determine the cacao by-products and corn bran as feed pellet for rabbit. It was conducted to determine the nutrient content kilogram of cacao placenta meal, cacao pod husk, cacao bean shell and corn bran, durability, bulk density and cost to produce a kilogram of feeds. Completely Randomized Design were used in the study with three treatment and three replications. Moreover, the study utilized carboxymethyl cellulose as binder for feed pellet. The study's results and findings indicate that the crude protein levels fell within an acceptable range across treatments. However, the crude fiber content was notably higher compared to that typically seen in rabbit feed, as well as the ash content. Additionally, the durability showed significant difference between Treatment 1 and Treatment 2, with Treatment 3 displaying a highly significant difference among treatments. Bulk density also showed significant differences among treatment. Moreover, the cost to produce a kilogram of feed was found to be minimal than the market price of rabbit pellets.
Processing of fiber based biofoam cups using sugarcane bagasse and cassava starch as plant container for hydroponic system
Sarno, Ma. Rachel Anne N. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)
The study was designed to produce a fiber-based biofoam cup from different mixtures of sugarcane bagasse and cassava starch, an alternative to styrofoam cups as plant containers in a hydroponics set-up. The study was carried out with 3 treatments replicated thrice. The mixture was added with a constant amount of polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol and magnesium stearate by weight basis, and then coated with paraffin wax. The data for density, water absorption, solubility as well as the performance of the biocups in terms of plant growth (no. of leaves), plant mortality and pH level when used as plant containers in Kratky method were gathered through a completely randomized design and analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 1% and 5% levels. Only the treatment yielding the best results in terms of quality were evaluated for hydroponic application. Statically, the results indicate that the density and water absorption of the cups from the three treatments significantly varied with a P-value of 0.0055 and 0.0127 respectively. However, no significant difference was observed for the solubility of the biocups among the treatment with a P- value of 0.0827. Based on the results, treatment 3 exhibited the highest density and lowest values for solubility and water absorption among the treatments and was selected with the commercially available styrofoam cups as plant containers in Kratky method hydroponics set-up. For the duration of the observation period, all petchay plants survived resulting in a mortality rate of 0%. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the number of leaves, as indicated by the P-value of 0.0059 while pH level was found to be lower (6.38) for treatment 3 than the control (6.40). The results suggest that biofoam cups are not best to be used as plant container in hydroponics, but due to its higher density, low water absorption and solubility it implies potential suitability for other planting materials, such as for seedlings.
Processing of paperboard from the fiber of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) stem at different levels of cassava starch as binder
Blasquez, Irenella A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)
This study examined the potential of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) stem fiber as an alternative source of fiber added with different levels of cassava starch as binder for paperboard production. The study was established with three (3) treatments and each is replicated thrice. The treatments were: Treatment 1: 240 grams cassava starch, Treatment 2: 320 grams cassava starch, and Treatment 3: 480 grams cassava starch. Using a molder, the pulp was molded and sundried until the desired weight was achieved. The paperboards were then tested in terms of odor, paper whiteness, smoothness/texture, grammage, water absorbency, and pH level. The data collected was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 1% and 5% levels of significance. Statistically, results showed significant difference in the odor, paper whiteness, smoothness of texture, or water absorbency of the produced paperboard among the treatments, while the ANOVA results for grammage showed a significant difference. Moreover, the pH level was tested in a composite manner, with pH values ranging from 8.7-9.0 and Treatment 1 having the lowest unit production cost analysis which if PHP 14.46 per piece of paperboard. Thus, torch ginger (E. elatior) stem fiber is a potential material for paperboard production.
Quality assessment of non-carbonized banana peduncle briquettes as affected by starch-based binders from different banana wastes
Montecalvo, Jane B. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
The study was conducted to assess the quality of non-carbonized briquettes from banana peduncle with starch-based binders from different banana wastes. The study was conducted using a Complete Randomized Design, with four treatments and three replications. The primary raw material utilized for the production of non-carbonized biomass briquettes was the banana peduncle with banana pseudo-stem starch, and banana peel starch as binder in different proportion and cassava starch (T1), 100% banana pseudo-stem starch (T2), 50% banana pseudo-stem starch and 50% banana peel starch (T3), and 100% banana peel starch (T4). The density, volatile matter, durability, ash content, carbon content, calorific of heating value, and burning rate, as well as the cost per unit produce of the briquettes, were measured and evaluated using One-Way Analysis of Variance at significance levels of 1% and 5%. Significant differences were noted in the average durability, ash content, fixed carbon content, calorific or heating value, and burning rate across the different treatments. There were no significant differences in the average density and volatile matter between the different treatments. Results revealed that the density of the briquettes from Treatment 1 to 4 met the recommended value. In T2, the briquette observed was high in density, durability, ash content, calorific value, and burning rate but low in fixed carbon content. However, in T4, it was observed that it has a high volatile matter but low in terms of durability. Cost analysis indicated that the cost per kilogram of the briquettes produced from all treatments was cheaper in comparison to the commercially available briquettes.
Strength analysis of bioplastic made from cardava banana peel starch reinforced with different chitin-based material
Ordaneza, Angel Mae C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)
This study conducted to evaluate the flammability, biodegradability, and tensile strength of the bioplastic made from cardava banana peel starch and different chitin-based material. The experimental samples were laid in complete randomized design (CRD) with three treatments, namely; T1 (Commercial), T2 (Eggshell) and T3 (Golden Apple Snail Shell) and each was replicated three times. The data gathered was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD at 5% level of significance. Based on the result, T3 has the highest mean flammability and biodegradability value of 3.35 mm/sec and 77.04% respectively, followed by T2 (3.09 mm/sec and 66.62%} and T1 (2.74% mm/sec and 20.39%) that has the lowest mean flammability and biodegradability value. Acid solubility results revealed that Treatment 1 has the highest acid solubility with the value of 7.53% followed by Treatment 2 with 6.8% and Treatment 3 with 5.76% that has the lowest acid solubility. In the tensile strength, Treatment 2 has the highest tensile strength with the value of 7.12074 MPa followed by T3 (6.8932 MPa) and T1 (5.87459 MPa) which has the lowest tensile strength value. The ANOVA results revealed that there's a highly significant difference in the flammability and biodegradability among the means of the three treatments. In general, the results revealed that different chitin-based materials (particularly eggshell and golden apple snail) and cardava banana peel starch can be used to make bioplastics given that they exceed the flammable standard, have excellent biodegradability, low solubility, and has high tensile strength. Furthermore, it is produced from waste materials, decreasing the threat of environmental pollution.
The influence of coco peat and coco coir media on germination of lettuce using hydroponic
Bastida, Inna Mae (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)
The study able to determine the germination of lettuce under SNAP hydroponics nutrient solution. Using different mixture of treatment and nutrient solution. The root length, plant height, number of leaves, germination rate, and water pH were determined. The data was gathered using a Randomized Complete Block Design. The result that root length average range 4.3-5.1 cm. While plant height average range 3.5-8.2 cm. In number of leaves average range 2.4-3 pcs. Germination rate average range 7.3-7.4. There's no significant difference in terms of root length, plant height, number of leaves and germination rate of lettuce.