Undergraduate Theses
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14578/5
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Item Evaluation of tray solar dryer for cacao beansReponte, Maria Fe E. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)The evaluation of tray solar dryer for cacao beans was conducted at Davao del Sur State College (DSSC). The testing of samples was dried in the tray solar dryer in 2 batches operated separately for trials. It was revealed that the moisture content of the samples was reduced from 48% to 6.5% for the batch of operation same as the second batch reduced from 48.3% to 6.5%. It was found out that the total mean of drying rate in the second batch (2.48 g/min) was relatively high than the first batch (1.97 g/min). For the drying capacity, it was observed that the second batch (297.71 g/hr) was relatively high than the first batch (285.07 g/hr). In addition, the drying recovery revealed that the first batch (96%) was relatively high than the second batch (95%). It also observed that the drying efficiency in the first batch (4.5%) was higher than the second batch (3.7%). While the air flow rate of first batch (4.83 m3/min) was lower than second batch (5.35 m3/min). In terms of drying time, the second batch with two layers required less time (48 hours) than the first batch (60 hours). According to its financial analysis, using 4 trays had a higher return on investment of tray solay dryer for cacao beans of 80% and a payback period of 1.2 years than using 6 trays, which had 73% and 1.4 years of payback period. In conclusion, the result of the parameters in the two batches had difference from each other due to weather condition every day. It varies from time to time because of the temperature that was uncontrolled.Item Growth and yield performance of loose-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under greenhouse condition using different levels of ventilation in Barangay Kapatagan, Digos City, Davao del SurRagomio, Ranel Q. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of loose-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under greenhouse condition using different levels of ventilation in Brgy. Kapatagan, Digos City, Davao del Sur. A Complete Randomized Design was used as the experimental layout of the study with 3 treatments replicated 3 times. The treatments used were as follows: Treatment 1 (T1) = Ambient Airflow, Treatment 2 (T2) = 1 Intake Fan and 1 Exhaust Fan and Treatment 3 (T3) = 2 Intake Fans and 2 Exhaust Fans. It was evaluated during 15th, 30th and 40th day after transplanting. Data were statistically analyzed using Single Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test was used to identify treatments that are significantly different from each other. The result on analysis of variance (ANOVA), shows that there were significantly difference among treatments in terms of plant height, number of leaves and yield of loose-leaf lettuce. Tukey's test results, revealed that the plant height of loose-leaf lettuce during 15th day after transplanting T1 and T2, T1 and T3 significantly differ from each other while, T2 and T3 has no significant difference. Result also revealed that on 30th and 40th day after transplanting T1, T2 and T3 has a significant difference from each other. In terms on the number of leaves on 15th and 30th day after transplanting Treatment 1 has significant difference against Treatment 2 and Treatment 3. However, Treatment 2 and Treatment 3 have no significant difference from each other. While on 40th day after transplanting results shows that T1, T2 and T3 has a significance difference to each other. In terms on the yield (g) of loose-leaf lettuce, all treatments show that treatment 3 was observed to be the best experimental treatments in all parameters.Item Evaluation of design greywater filtration system with treatment component using Moringa oleifera seed powderDe Manuel, Charisse B. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)The study on the "Evaluation of Designed Filtration System with Treatment Component Using Moringa oleifera Seed Powder" was conducted last February- April 2024 at Sinaragan, Matanao, Davao del Sur. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in the study. There were three treatments: T1 - 5mL/L MO seed powder stock solution, T2 - 7.5 mL/L MO seed powder stock solution, and T3 - 10 mL/L MOS seed powder stock solution, which were replicated three times. The performance of the combined grease trap, biosand filter, and Moringa oleifera seeds greywater filtration system was assessed based on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and pH of the treated greywater. The filtration system, utilizing various MOSP dosages as a treatment component, effectively enhanced wastewater quality. The results indicated that varying the MOSP dosage significantly affected the system's performance regarding Electrical Conductivity (EC). Analysis using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test revealed that the greywater produced by using the developed filtration system with the application of T1 notably differed from that applied with T3, with treated greywater applied with T1 achieving the lowest EC, reducing the untreated greywater's EC by 14.78%. The developed system also contributed to substantial reductions in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BDO) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of greywater, achieving reductions of 73.65% to 80.68% and 86.17% to 87.88%, respectively. The system was also able to maintain the pH of treated greywater at neutral level. Treatment of greywater in the developed filtration system applied with different levels of MOSP at 5 ml/L, 7.5 ml/L, and 19 ml/L can produce a similar reduction effect in BOD, TSS, and pH levels. The system was able to reduce BOD, TSS, and EC, and retained neutral pH of treated greywater, meeting regularly standards set by DAO 2016-08 and PAES 232:2017, confirming its overall effectiveness in treating greywater.Item Quality assessment of non-carbonized banana peduncle briquettes as affected by starch-based binders from different banana wastesMontecalvo, Jane B. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)The study was conducted to assess the quality of non-carbonized briquettes from banana peduncle with starch-based binders from different banana wastes. The study was conducted using a Complete Randomized Design, with four treatments and three replications. The primary raw material utilized for the production of non-carbonized biomass briquettes was the banana peduncle with banana pseudo-stem starch, and banana peel starch as binder in different proportion and cassava starch (T1), 100% banana pseudo-stem starch (T2), 50% banana pseudo-stem starch and 50% banana peel starch (T3), and 100% banana peel starch (T4). The density, volatile matter, durability, ash content, carbon content, calorific of heating value, and burning rate, as well as the cost per unit produce of the briquettes, were measured and evaluated using One-Way Analysis of Variance at significance levels of 1% and 5%. Significant differences were noted in the average durability, ash content, fixed carbon content, calorific or heating value, and burning rate across the different treatments. There were no significant differences in the average density and volatile matter between the different treatments. Results revealed that the density of the briquettes from Treatment 1 to 4 met the recommended value. In T2, the briquette observed was high in density, durability, ash content, calorific value, and burning rate but low in fixed carbon content. However, in T4, it was observed that it has a high volatile matter but low in terms of durability. Cost analysis indicated that the cost per kilogram of the briquettes produced from all treatments was cheaper in comparison to the commercially available briquettes.Item GIS-based spatial mapping inventory of agricultural machineries in Bansalan, Davao del SurCulango, Arah May Q. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)Agricultural machinery has become an integral part of agricultural sector today, and has revolutionized the way of farming and production. The study conducted to assess the status of all Agricultural machineries in the area. This study was conducted at the municipality of Bansalan, Davao del Sur last November 2023 to January 2024. It aimed to assess and determine the status of all agricultural machineries in Bansalan, Davao del Sur. A complete enumeration sampling design was used in data gathering among the eleven (11) barangays with identified agricultural machineries in the municipality of Bansalan, Davao del Sur. A survey questionnaire was used to determine the owners' profile and machinery's profile using the Global Positioning System (GPS), the coordinates of the location of all machinery storage in the municipality was gathered. Results showed that 90% of the agricultural machineries were functional while only 10% were under-maintenance and non-operational. Results showed that there was 85% of registered and 15% of unregistered machineries. These results may be useful as a source of monitoring and evaluation. Moreover, registration status of the agricultural machinery need improve regulatory compliance. The inventory was utilized to monitor the usage of agricultural machinery over time, assess the impact of interventions, and evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural programs and policies. Thus, the findings may be relevant in the development of municipal legislation wherein barangay or municipal officials may use the study to propose and implement projects such as mechanization level and index mapping in specific agricultural operations in the municipality to improve the production in the municipality. Also, promote Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization Law of 2018.Item GIS-based spatial inventory and characterization of spring water sources in the Municipality of Malungon, Sarangani ProvincePesiao, Analie C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-08)This study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of spring water sources and to characterize the discharge and elevation of spring water sources in the municipality of Malungon, Sarangani Province. The study was carried out within the 30 barangays of Malungon, Sarangani Province. A Global Positioning System (GPS) device was used to obtain the coordinates and elevation of the identified springs. A calibrated 12-L container and a digital stopwatch were used to measure the discharge of the identified spring water sources. There were 76 identified springs in the municipality of Malungon, Sarangani Province. The total discharge of all identified springs was found to be 62.650L/sec, with barangay Data Batong having the highest total discharge of 24L/sec. The highest elevation of the identified springs was located in barangay Data Bila at 827m above sea level. The potential water yield from these springs was calculated to be 5,412.880m³ /day. The study concludes that the discharge of spring water sources varies based on location, with elevation being a significant factor affecting discharge. The results provide valuable information for government agencies and other stakeholders involved in water development and planning in Malungon.Item Processing of cacao by-products and corn bran as feed pellet for rabbitCalamba, Elsie O. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)The study was conducted to determine the cacao by-products and corn bran as feed pellet for rabbit. It was conducted to determine the nutrient content kilogram of cacao placenta meal, cacao pod husk, cacao bean shell and corn bran, durability, bulk density and cost to produce a kilogram of feeds. Completely Randomized Design were used in the study with three treatment and three replications. Moreover, the study utilized carboxymethyl cellulose as binder for feed pellet. The study's results and findings indicate that the crude protein levels fell within an acceptable range across treatments. However, the crude fiber content was notably higher compared to that typically seen in rabbit feed, as well as the ash content. Additionally, the durability showed significant difference between Treatment 1 and Treatment 2, with Treatment 3 displaying a highly significant difference among treatments. Bulk density also showed significant differences among treatment. Moreover, the cost to produce a kilogram of feed was found to be minimal than the market price of rabbit pellets.Item Water consumption and growth of pechay in Kratky method at different depth level of nutrient solution under shaded conditionCanon, Kirby S. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)Green crops are currently cultivated using a hydroponic method. However, the production cost is quite expensive due to the higher cost of commercial nutrient solutions. The purpose of the thesis study was to explore the possibility of reducing the quantity of nutrient solutions and their impact on the growth of pechay. The study was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments replicated three times. T1 (2 inches depth), T2 (3 inches depth), and T3 (4 inches depth). The collected data were analyzed using a One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5%. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was employed to ascertain the variations between the different treatments. The analysis indicated that the treatments revealed significantly varied in root length with a P-value of 0.0010. Further, the analysis indicates that there is no statistically significant difference in terms of mean daily water consumption, plant height, number of leaves, breadth of leaves, plant yield, mean daily difference temperature nutrient solution, and mean daily difference pH level, as indicated with P-values of 0.03272, 0.3787, 0.4376, 0.3787, 0.0727, 0.2997, and 0.4029 respectively.Item Growth and yield of lettuce under Kratky hydroponics using coco peat mixed with charcoal and oyster shell as growing mediaCañedo, Ranel A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)A study was conducted in March in sitio Balutakay Managa, Bansalan, Davao del Sur to investigate the growth and yield of lettuce using Kratky hydroponics. The growing media consisted of cocopeat mixed with charcoal and oyster shell. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three (3) treatments and five (5) replications. Specifically, the purpose of this research was to identify the growth and yield of lettuce under Kratky hydroponics using cocopeat mixed with charcoal and oyster shell as growing media in terms of plant height, number of leaves, root length and yield. In terms of plant height, treatment 1 (87.5% (266 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 5% (15.2 g) oyster shell) had the highest mean height with (20.240 cm) while treatment 2 (82.5% (250.8 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 10% (30.4 g) oyster shell) had the lowest mean height with 19.508 cm. In number of leaves, treatment 1 (87.5% (266 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 5% (15.2 g) oyster shell) had the highest number of leaves with (14,000 cm). In root length, treatment 2 (82.5%), (250.8 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 10% (30.4 g) oyster shell) had the highest mean root length with (20.624 cm) while treatment 3 (77.5%) 5.6 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 5% (15.2 g) oyster shell) had the highest mean plant yield with (0.121 kg) while treatment 2 (82.5%), (250.8 g) cocopeat, 7.5% (22.8 g) charcoal, 10% (30.4 g) oyster shell) had the lowest mean of (0.109 kg).Item Evaluation of magnetized miracle fruit (Crescentia cujete) peel ash in the adsorption of methylene blue at different dosageCalledo, Carol Joy A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-08)This study evaluated the magnetized miracle fruit peel ash (MMFPA) as an efficient methylene blue adsorbent. The effect of dosage (0.5 g, 1 g. 1.5 g, 2 g, 2.5 g, and 3 g) was studied to determine the equilibrium concentration, equilibrium adsorption capacity, and removal efficiency of the adsorbent. The experimental data was analyzed using the One-way ANOVA at 1% and 5% level of significance. The treatment means was compared using the Tukeys's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test. Based on the result in the equilibrium concentration, Dosage Six (D6) had the lowest equilibrium concentration at 0.7997 ppm. In relation to the adsorption equilibrium capacity, D6 had the lowest equilibrium adsorption capacity at 1.64 mg/g. In the removal efficiency, D6 exhibited highest removal efficiency at 98.40%, showing a substantial decrease in the concentration in methylene blue. In general, this study concluded that magnetized miracle fruit peel ash demonstrated a high potential as an economical alternative for treatment of dye contaminated wastewater.