Undergraduate Theses
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14578/5
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Item Water consumption and growth of pechay in Kratky method at different depth level of nutrient solution under shaded conditionCanon, Kirby S. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)Green crops are currently cultivated using a hydroponic method. However, the production cost is quite expensive due to the higher cost of commercial nutrient solutions. The purpose of the thesis study was to explore the possibility of reducing the quantity of nutrient solutions and their impact on the growth of pechay. The study was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments replicated three times. T1 (2 inches depth), T2 (3 inches depth), and T3 (4 inches depth). The collected data were analyzed using a One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5%. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was employed to ascertain the variations between the different treatments. The analysis indicated that the treatments revealed significantly varied in root length with a P-value of 0.0010. Further, the analysis indicates that there is no statistically significant difference in terms of mean daily water consumption, plant height, number of leaves, breadth of leaves, plant yield, mean daily difference temperature nutrient solution, and mean daily difference pH level, as indicated with P-values of 0.03272, 0.3787, 0.4376, 0.3787, 0.0727, 0.2997, and 0.4029 respectively.Item Processing of paperboard from the fiber of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) stem at different levels of cassava starch as binderBlasquez, Irenella A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)This study examined the potential of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) stem fiber as an alternative source of fiber added with different levels of cassava starch as binder for paperboard production. The study was established with three (3) treatments and each is replicated thrice. The treatments were: Treatment 1: 240 grams cassava starch, Treatment 2: 320 grams cassava starch, and Treatment 3: 480 grams cassava starch. Using a molder, the pulp was molded and sundried until the desired weight was achieved. The paperboards were then tested in terms of odor, paper whiteness, smoothness/texture, grammage, water absorbency, and pH level. The data collected was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 1% and 5% levels of significance. Statistically, results showed significant difference in the odor, paper whiteness, smoothness of texture, or water absorbency of the produced paperboard among the treatments, while the ANOVA results for grammage showed a significant difference. Moreover, the pH level was tested in a composite manner, with pH values ranging from 8.7-9.0 and Treatment 1 having the lowest unit production cost analysis which if PHP 14.46 per piece of paperboard. Thus, torch ginger (E. elatior) stem fiber is a potential material for paperboard production.Item Yield and quality analysis of bioethanol produced from waste coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) and sugarcane molasses under different fermentation conditionsRom, Ferly Jane N. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)Bioethanol production involves materials containing sugar to be converted into alcohol. It is a process that requires fermentation, where active organisms are utilized to break down sugar and turns them into alcohol. The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal conditions in the fermentation of waste coconut water and sugarcane molasses with initial pH level between 4.0 - 5.0 for six days in order to produce good quality of bioethanol. the experimental samples were laid in complete randomized design (CRD) with three treatments, namely; T 1 (Aerobic), T2 (Anaerobic) and T3 (Aerobic-anaerobic) and each was replicated four times. The parameters assessed were pH level after fermentation, alcohol content (%), ethanol content (%) of the bioethanol. The gathered data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD at 5% level of significance. Based on the results, T3 obtained the highest mean pH level of 3.15 after fermentation and alcohol content of 1.6%, followed by T2 with a mean pH level of 3.0 and an alcohol content of 1.1%. T1 obtained the lowest mean pH level of 2.92 after fermentation and an alcohol content of 0.4%. The results revealed further that T3 produced highest percentage of ethanol content of 24.4% and yielding 2.8% bioethanol, followed by T2 obtaining 16.4% ethanol content and yielding 1.8% bioethanol. Lastly, T1 got the lowest ethanol content of 3.01% and yielding 1% bioethanol among the tree treatments. The ANOVA results revealed that there's a high significant difference in terms on the pH level after fermentation and alcohol content (%) among the means of the three treatments. Generally, based on the results, the researcher concludes that, T3 (Aerobic-anaerobic) is the most effective condition in the fermentation process of waste coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) and sugarcane molasses utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol production.Item Marketing strtategy of small-scale food business in Digos City, Davao del SurYana, Rica C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)The study focused only on marketing strategies of small food business in Digos City Davao del Sur. Most of the small-scale food business owners were aged 31-50 years old, female, married and completed high school level. Most of the respondents operate small scale food business with 5 years and below, had more than 31 customer per day, sell food in restaurant, and had income of Php 50, 001 and above. Branding was observed to be effective in persuading a customer to eat at the food business, the logo was creative enough to attract customers, the name of the food business name of the store helps to attract more customers, store has unique features that attract more customers, and the business increase the competitive advantage of the business operation. The production and services, made customer were committed to come back because of the good customer services, the food presentation attracts more customers, customers were satisfied on the food they eat which are affordable, and the customer have met their expectations in your store was observed in the food business. The visual merchandising creative marketing strategies of the small-scale food business in terms of attracting customers, creating a good feedback on the business, helping the business to differentiate itself from other competitors, enhancing the store image, having lighting and appropriate music played helps you, for your customers to spend more time at your store was sometimes observed in the food business.Item Conductive effect of ferric chloride (FeCl3) on carbonized Chloris barbata Sw. stem via activation-carbonization-pyrolysis methodRetiza, Debie T. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-05)This study was conducted to determine the conductive effect of ferric chloride (FeCl3) on carbonized Chloris barbata sw. stem via the activation-carbonization-pyrolysis method. The study was accomplished utilizing a Completely Randomized Design, which comprised five (5) treatments and three (3) replications. The activated carbon produced was made using C. barbata stem and ferric chloride (FeCl3) at different molar concentrations. Control -no FeCl3(T1), 1 molar concentration (T5). The study was carried out to determine the electrical conductivity, surface characteristics in terms of pore and elemental composition, surface area, and the cost analysis of the activated carbon. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA of variance at 1% and 5% significance levels, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Disperse X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the electrical conductivity of all treatments was shown to be statistically highly significant. According to the findings, T5 (4 M) registered the highest electrical conductivity at 2677.06 x 10-6 μS/m. It was also found to display micropore structure and various organic and inorganic functionalities, register relatively low surface area, and more acceptable production cost per unit mass.Item Adsorption of methylene blue by magnetized achiote (Bixa orellana) pericarp ash: Effect of pH and kineticsArellano, Jeramay, M. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)Wastewater management has long been a significant issue for society. In the Philippines, achiote pericarp is often considered an agricultural waste. It is typically left in open fields or burned in the open air near the trees where they are harvested. This study explores the potential use of this waste material (achiote pericarp ash, APA) in removing dye from liquid solutions. To improve the adsorption capacity of APA, it is necessary to incorporate Fe3O4 into it. This will enhance its ability to effectively adsorb Methylene blue solution. To address this, APA had been impregnated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles to produce magnetized APA (MAPA). The APA used in this study was sourced from the farmlands of J. P. Laurel Malungon, Sarangani, Philippines. An adsorption experiment was thoroughly conducted, investigating the effects of pH and kinetic changes. The MB adsorption process was found to fit with a pseudo-quadratic model, with maximum adsorption observed at pH 10. The identification of functional groups presents before and after magnetization was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Among theme were -OH (intramolecular H-bond), O=OH (phosphorus oxoacid), -CO-CH3 (ketone), -OH (primary alcohol), and -SiCl3 (silicon compounds). These findings encourage farmers to reuse agricultural waste as a valuable product. Future related research could investigate the use of a different dye color or another type of biomass. Ultimately, this investigation provides significant knowledge about the potential role of agricultural by-products for wastewater treatment processes.Item Automated misting and android-based monitoring system for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus SP.) productionCabrera, Cedie Vince E. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)This study was conducted to maintain optimal temperature and humidity, which is crucial for oyster mushroom growth; otherwise, it could impede mushroom development. An automated misting and Android-based monitoring system was developed to address this challenge. Other studies have used an automated mister; however, system monitoring is unavailable. Davao del Sur State College mushroom facility relies entirely on environmental temperature and humidity. The findings are as follows: A DHT11 sensor was used to read the temperature and humidity within a 5cm range from the sensor, spray mist when the DHT11 sensor detects a temperature of 28 degrees celsius and 72% relative humidity, HC04 Ultra-Sonic Sensor is used for water refill automation when the water reaches 7cm away from it, display humidity, temperature, and water level at 5 second intervals, and generate a graph based on average temperature, humidity, and water level calculated per month. The result of the study contributes to the agricultural aspects, specifically in mushroom farming, hence decreasing the farmer's workload and increasing the harvest yield, farming automation, and academic research. The research outcome is a foundation for new studies leading to a better understanding of farming with a more enhanced system for a better farming yield.Item Acceptability level of banana (Musa balbisiana) and calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peels as alternative floorwaxRosit, Khitterine Fel l. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-03)The objective of the study was to determine the acceptability-level of Davao del Sur State College’s Banana (Musa balbisiana) peels and Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peels as alternative floor wax. It was an invention product that could be further recycled into an item of excellent quality that would be valuable to families in terms of appearance, color, odor, slip-resistance and water-resistance. This research comprises five treatments and will have thirty participants. Demonstration of product innovation and a use of complete randomized design and a survey questionnaire with a predetermined rating scale using a Likert Scale of 1.00 to 5.00 was use to collect the data. The results of a descriptive-comparative research approach and analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that banana (cardava) and calamansi peels was more acceptable and treatment 3 had the highest mean and verbal description of being the most acceptable and ii valued by the respondents. Therefore, Treatment 3 is the best as it most acceptable than the control group in terms of the sensory characteristics conducted appearance, color, odor, slip-resistance and water-resistance. As a result, it may be improved and adapted for commercialization, thereby rendering it more appealing to buyers. Innovations and development of banana and calamansi peels as alternative floor wax are highly encouraged. It was recommended to use proper and accurate textile or fabric of rag in applying this alternative floor wax, and it was suggested, which is considered a major issue for environmental and green ecology, that this waste is dumped in landfills, contributing to pollution problems and environmental issues. Finding solutions to the world, particularly the Philippines, environmental problems as a result, this is the crucial initial step in resolving it.Item Acceptability level of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bonesAlgabre, Honey Mae C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-04)This study was primarily conducted which aimed to determine the acceptability level of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones in terms of sensory characteristics namely; palatability, odor, color, texture, and appearance; to determine the significant difference on the level of acceptability among five treatments; and to identify the significant difference on the level of acceptability among the respondents. The study's findings indicated that, among the five treatments tested, treatment 2 was the most acceptable. The study's respondents were 15 randomly selected students and 15 randomly selected Faculty members from Davao del Sur State College. Given that there were five treatments in this study, the Randomized Complete Block Design was utilized, and each treatment was replicated three times. The study used descriptive statistics to determine that the treatment of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones was rated as the most acceptable by the respondents in terms of sensory characteristics such as palatability, texture, odor, color, and appearance. Furthermore, the T-test result suggested that there was no significant difference on the level of acceptability of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones among the respondents. The ANOVA result indicated that there was a significant difference on the level of acceptability of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones among the five treatments. Moreover, the study indicated that treatment 2 of polvoron from powdered tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) bones was the most acceptable could be sought after for future studies to be worked on in anticipation of commercialization.