Master's Theses
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14578/4
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Item Competence of teachers and readiness in the implementation of education 4.0Roble, Zenaida A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2024-06)This descriptive correlational study determined the relationship between the competence of teachers and workplace readiness in the implementation of Education 4.0 in Hagonoy II District, Division of Davao del Sur for the School Year 2023 - 2024. There were 130 elementary teachers who served as respondents and answered the survey questionnaire administered from January 2024 to June 2024. Data gathered were analyzed using mean and Pearson r. Results revealed that the level of competence of teachers in the implementation of Education 4.0 was moderate. Likewise, the level of readiness of the teachers in the implementation of Education 4.0 was moderate. There is no significant relationship between teachers' competence and readiness in the implementation of Education 4.0. An intervention program was developed based on the findings of the study and recommended for its implementation.Item Assessment of teachers' stress factors and adaptive coping strategies in Central Elementary SchoolsBacamante, Ires M. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-01)The major goal of this research was to assess the stress factors and coping mechanisms of teachers in central elementary schools for the school year 2023-2024. The findings revealed that the level of stress among teachers in central schools in terms of the following indicator variables of pupils' behavior, teacher's workload, time resources, interpersonal relationship, recognition and well-being was moderate, this means that the level of stress was sometimes manifested by the teachers. The relationship between the level of stress and the adaptive coping strategies of teachers in central schools using Pearson Moment Product Correlation Coefficient. The statistical analysis indicates that stress level is significantly related to adaptive coping strategies of teachers. Majority of the teachers are females, aged 36 to 45 years old, married, with Teacher III designation and handle large number of pupils in the classroom. The level of stress among teachers in central schools in terms of pupils' behavior and teacher's workload is high which moderate in terms of time resources, interpersonal relationship, recognition and well-being. Central schoolteachers highly utilized approach coping strategies in coping with stresses they encountered. It was recommended that the school heads in the Digos City Division may provide technical assistance on enhancing stress resiliency in every teaching-learning process as they relate to the manifestations of the new strategies and pedagogical techniques of teaching. The central schoolteachers may teach co-teachers how to implement the pedagogical method in the workplace while reducing stress and developing adaptive coping strategies. Individual schools may continue to prioritize the mental health of every teacher. In addition, stress information advocacy workshops may be included in the priority improvement areas as it is included in the School Improvement Plan.Item Experiences of teachers engaging in research activitiesBlanco, Maria Rhodalyn P. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-02)This qualitative phenomenological study aims to tell the story of ten (10) educators' research experiences and practices with the goal of bettering the teaching-learning process through research. The study seeks to uncover the lived experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights of public school teachers through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. It is centered around the researcher's focus on teacher-researchers and how they apply research in their teaching-learning process. The underlying topics for study question number one which defined the teachers' lived experiences were as follows: research struggles and research impact, financial constraints, time constraints, difficulties in data gathering and implications in actual classroom. For research question number two, emphasized the coping strategies adopted by teacher-researchers in addressing the challenges they have encountered, despite the hurdles, they were able to efficiently improve their pupils' learning experiences. The following were the underlying themes for research question number two: Employing adaptive strategies and embodying resilient qualities with the subtheme of: Time management, asking support, proactivity, resourcefulness, patience, and persistence. Finally, research question number three discusses teachers' insights. These were the major themes that arise in the process of the results: Exploration and Growth and Mindfulness and Perseverance with the subthemes of: curiosity and effort, professional development, process familiarity, optimism, dedication and cognizance. Educational institutions may offer personalized training programs to meet the specific demands of research education, support pedagogical flexibility by providing teachers with a variety of research methodologies and involve to professional growth by enrolling themselves to research schools and universities.Item Team synergy and workplace agility of teachersAragona, Lelaine P. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-03)This study was participated by secondary public schools' teachers in the Municipality of Bansalan. The relationship between demographic profile and team synergy of teachers obtained a very weak positive linear relationship, thus there is a significant relationship between the variables. The relationship between demographic profile and work agility of teachers and the relationship between team synergy and workforce agility of teachers has obtained a very positive linear relationship thus there is a significant relationship between the variables. The model was generated using the stepwise method of multiple regression analysis. There was no significant correlation between the level of team synergy and workforce agility of teachers which means that the engagement in school programs and activities can help improve school performance. As a result of negative association, school performance declined even if administrative performance rose, making this outcome feasible. For the most part, team synergy and workforce agility, this study found a negative correlation between the teachers 'demographic profile of the school as a whole. Weak performance in indicators means that the academic performance of the learners must be the prime priority. It was recommended that the school administrators may sustain the excellent school performance by sustaining teachers' support by providing more School Improvement plan (SIP) to have Outstanding rating in the Individual Performance Commitment (IPCR) ratings and may institute a program to support educators' emotional and psychological aspects while maintaining cordial connections with community members by strengthening the programs of the Human Resource Department. The school heads may foster and promote team synergy and workforce learning agility in schools. PTA and BLGU at the school may do their part to boost morale among faculty, parents, and other community members in order to sustainably increase the beneficial effect of student achievement.Item Species composition, diversity, abundance, and microhabitat preferences of anuran species in the Miral river, Bansalan, Davao del SurUbat, Drahcir E. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-05)A comprehensive anuran survey was conducted across three sites along the Miral River in Bansalan, Davao del Sur—Barangay Managa (upstream), Barangay Tubod (midstream), and Barangay Poblacion Uno (downstream). Using 270 man-hours of cruising and mark-release-technique, the survey documented anuran species, assessed habitat associations, and generated baseline data on Mindanao's amphibian diversity. A total of 104 anuran individuals were recorded, representing six species and four families, with 67% being non-endemics and 33% endemic to the Mindanao faunal region. Limnonectes magnus was noted as nearly threatened. Species diversity was highest upstream (H' = 1.52, S = 6), moderate midstream (H' = 1.05, S = 4), and lowest downstream (H = 0.43, S = 2), but were not statistically significant (p = 0.2193). While species composition varied between sites (p = 0.1875). Most anurans utilized both aquatic and terrestrial microhabitats, indicating microhabitat overlap. This study revealed that Rhinella marina was strongly linked to warmer water, higher pH, and elevated air temperature—conditions typical of downstream habitats. Conversely, upstream habitats, with dense canopy, abundant moss, leaf litter, and minimal disturbance, supported species like Polypedates leucomystax and Kaloula pulchra. Obviously, principal component analysis revealed that elevation was the most influential environmental factor with strong association habitat variables affecting anuran preferences. Endemic species were associated with intact forest areas, though signs of forest clearing for agriculture indicated environmental stress. The dominance of invasive species and the low presence of the near-threatened Limnonectes magnus underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect native amphibians and restore natural habitats in the Miral River ecosystem.Item The influence of Smart Agri Radio towards agribusiness profitability in Davao Del SurFernandez, John Wesley R. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-05)SMART Agri Radio is a community radio station of Davao del Sur State College established by the help of the Department of Agriculture. This quantitative non-experimental research design was conducted to determine the significant relationship between the extent expose to SMART Agri Radio programs and the influence of SMART Agri Radio programs in disseminating information and towards the profitability and the significant relationship between the perceived barriers and challenges hindering the optimization of radio broadcasting in Davao del Sur towards the influences on profitability among listeners. This research was conducted to 229 respondents residing in Davao del Sur. Respondents are mostly female and majority of them are young adults who are married farmers finished secondary educations with a 5 years to 10 years of involvement in agriculture/agribusiness.Item Impact of reading motivation and attitude on the reading comprehension:Manimog, Pamela A. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-05)Reading comprehension is a crucial skill; unfortunately, Filipino students rank low. Various factors contribute to the decline in reading motivation globally, nationally and locally. However, improving reading materials and motivation/attitude can address students' reading challenges. This study sought to determine the relationship among reading motivation, reading attitude, and reading comprehension of the Grade 6 students in the public elementary schools of the Matanao II district. Three research instruments (adopted and contextualized) were used to gather data from the 228 Grade 6 students from different public elementary schools. Using the Mean, Pearson r, and Regression Analysis in analyzing the data, the key findings are as follows: the learners had shown high reading motivation in terms of curiosity, competition and challenge but very high for recognition and involvement. Students have shown a strong reading attitude where all of the indicators, comfort, intellectual value, practical value, and linguistic value were described by the students as high but low in anxiety. With regard to reading comprehension level, students have shown fairly satisfactory levels. A significant relationship was found between reading motivation and reading comprehension of learners. Also, students possess a high reading attitude significantly related to their reading comprehension. Regarding reading motivation, challenge and recognition significantly influenced the students' reading comprehension performance. However, only anxiety as an indicator of reading attitude significantly influences the learners' reading comprehension. Lastly, a researcher-designed reading program should be implemented to capitalize on students' motivation, teachers should be trained to cater to diverse student needs, workshops for professional development should be organized, parental support should be encouraged, and student engagement should be fostered through challenges and discussions. Future research should explore underlying factors and interventions to enhance comprehension skills while leveraging students' motivation and attitude toward reading.Item Language proficiency and writing anxiety of grade 10 learners in Bansalan DistrictAlbania, Ailen S. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-05)The study was to determine the level of language proficiency and writing anxiety of Grade 10 learners in Bansalan District, Division of Davao del Sur using descriptive method. The following findings were drawn according to the sequence of the objectives of the study that revealed that the level of language proficiency of Grade 10 learners in terms of English proficiency and avoidance behavior which was verbally described as Moderate, while English language, language anxiety, learning resources, somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety which are verbally described as High, The relationship between the level of language proficiency and writing anxiety of Grade 10 learners with the p-value which is higher than the level of significance indicates that there is no significant relationship between the two variables. It is recommended that the school administrator may give an avenue for the teachers and students in providing them seminar-workshop and training program from national to international venue so they can be well equipped, upgraded, and become competitive in terms of speaking and the English Teachers may provide concrete evidence like implementing school-based English-speaking intervention program and other related activities to sharpen the student's skill in speaking and there is a need to focus more on pronunciation and interaction.Item Leadership complexities of school heads in multigrade educationBojos, Windel M. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-05)This study explored the experiences of multigrade school heads on the dilemmas of their responsibilities of managing teaching and administration despite being burdened of inadequate staffing and resources was examined in this paper. Phenomelogical qualitative approach was utilized in this study with the eight-multigrade school leaders of Sulop, Davao del Sur as participants, who were attending to a class at the same time managing multigrade, and data from interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed; treated with thematic analysis while ensuring confidentiality. The major themes identified were: thriving through innovation, resilience, and effective management, as focus to the challenges experienced by multigrade school heads in multigrade education balance their dual responsibilities to ensure learning and school improvement; strategies of multigrade school heads implied in multigrade education addressing the challenges experienced emphasizing adaptability, support, and managing diverse needs while integrating curricula; and the need for well-designed policies, support, and collaboration to strengthen multigrade education. The research highlighted major challenges experienced face by the school heads, including scarce resources, inadequate training and a failure to provide clear policy support. It suggested strengthening incentives for teachers, offering professional development, better policy enforcement, increasing community relations, adequate learning materials, and more advocacy for school heads in multigrade education.Item Lived experiences of mathematics teachers in the early transition phase of adapting MATATAG curriculum: A phenomenological study of challenges and opportunitiesRivero, Madelaine D. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-05)This phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences and perceptions of Mathematics teachers during the early transition phase of adapting the MATATAG curriculum in Malungon, Sarangani Province. With the focus on four districts in the municipality, the research aimed to understand teachers' perception of the difference between the previous and the MATATAG Mathematics curricula, as well as the changes in their roles and functions. Utilizing Kurt Lewin's Change Management Model as a theoretical framework, the study identifies both challenges and opportunities encountered by teachers during this significant shift. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with ten participants, including seven mathematics teachers and three educational managers, and thematic analysis was applied to interpret their responses. Findings revealed that teachers recognized improvements in curriculum delivery, accessibility of resources, technology integration, and student engagement under MATATAG. However, challenges related to curriculum pacing, skill integration, and concerns over implementation continuity were noted. Teachers experienced significant changes in their teaching practices, including the adoption of student-centered strategies, increased collaboration with colleagues, and continuous professional reflection. Despite obstacles such as insufficient training, resource limitations, and time constraints, teachers demonstrated adaptability by innovating instructional methods and fostering greater student involvement. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality, were strictly followed throughout the research. This study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of curriculum adaptation, fostering a deeper understanding of the experiences of mathematics educators during transformative educational changes.Item Evaluation of corporate social responsibility programs among small-scale sugarcane farmers in Davao del SurComilang, Michelle M. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)The study aimed to assess which corporate social responsibility program is effective in improving the sugarcane production among small-scale farmers in Davao del Sur. The study utilized a descriptive-qualitative survey research design and conducted in the province of Davao del Sur. The study administered survey questionnaires to the selected 182 sugarcane farmers and 8 representatives (chairpersons/general managers) from organization with the help of stratified random sampling techniques. The study also utilized descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as the statistical tools of the study. The result showed that small-scale sugarcane farmers and the organizations are typically informed about and satisfied with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Nonetheless, insufficient financial resources impede their ability to fully benefit. The farming organizations exhibit a democratic leadership approach and equitable gender representation, perhaps enhancing marketing initiatives. Although both farmers and organizations convey contentment, organizations exhibit a greater degree of satisfaction due to their increased involvement in program implementation. Effective corporate social responsibility programs include livelihood support, skills development, improved agricultural methods, and market accessibility. Based on the findings, the Sugar Regulatory Administration could enhance its monitoring and evaluation to ensure that growers derive maximum benefit from these programs. Enhancing awareness and increasing the accessibility of financial support could alleviate the resource limitations encountered by both farmers and organizations.Item Collaborative game-based approach: Exploring practices and methodologiesGallopin, Maehara D. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)The major purpose of this mixed method study is to explore the different collaborative game-based activities in the elementary schools in Digos City Division that focused on identifying the various forms of collaborative game-based activities used by English teachers, analyzing their implementation, gauging the effectiveness of these activities in the classroom, and identifying any notable differences in effectiveness between the various game-based approaches. The study revealed that Kahoot, Scavenger Hunt, Vocabulary Charades, Pictionary/Picture Analysis, Role Play, Gallery, Crossword Puzzle, Quizizz, Bingo and Simon Says were the collaborative game-based used by selected English teachers utilizing the different teaching approach such as online-based approach, multimedia and differentiated activities. The complete enumeration method was employed to get the number of Grade 4 to 6 teachers in the selected elementary schools. The results offer a critical view of how different game-based approaches impact various facets of the learning experience. Notably, it indicates that while there are significant differences in effects on perceived feelings and perceived motivation, other areas such as classroom atmosphere, classroom engagement, and perceived comprehension show comparable effectiveness across different approaches.Item Sustaining small non-sectarian high schools: Innovative teaching strategies, resource management, and community involvementAlsado, Mechel C. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)This study aimed to find out how innovative teaching methods can be used in small, non-sectarian high schools to improve academic performance and teachers involvement. Traditional teaching methods might not be enough to fulfill the varied demands of teachers in educational environment that is changing quickly. The study looks at methods like project-based learning, integrating educational technology, and differentiated instruction in an effort to find teaching strategies that improve learning while also improving the school's overall sustainability and competitiveness. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the sustainability of small non-sectarian high schools through the integration of innovative teaching strategies, efficient resource management, and active community involvement. Due to their frequent financial and administrative constraints, small non-sectarian high schools must make the most of their resources. This study will investigate how school administrators oversee finances, assign teaching responsibilities, maintain facilities, and fund professional development without sacrificing the standard of instruction. Gaining knowledge of these tactics will help you understand how effective resource management may support long-term school operations. To evaluate how involvement with businesses, local government agencies, parents, alumni, and other stakeholders enhances the schools' support networks and relevance. Additionally, it will look at community connections might result in more resources, volunteer assistance, and better learning opportunities for students.Item Marungko approach as a tool in developing reading proficiency: Vantage point of primary school teachersAguiling, Celder E. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)This study explored the vantage point of primary school teachers in utilizing the Marungko Approach as a tool to develop pupils' reading proficiency. Employing a phenomenological qualitative design, data were gathered from twelve Marungko teachers in Bansalan West District Elementary Schools through in-depth interviews. Findings revealed a balance of positive and negative experiences in implementing the approach. Teachers experienced on fostering engagement and effectiveness through multi-sensory and digital tools, and inclusive approach to support diverse learners needs in implementing the Marungko approach. Also, challenges arose from unavailability of resource and classroom diversity management. To address these, teachers used different strategies by adapting interactive Marungko approach in instruction with creative resources for diverse learners, optimizing classroom dynamics and continuous improvement for effective learning, and collaborating and engaging the community to sustain learning. Insights highlighted the value of adaptive and learners-centered strategies, enhancing motivation and engagement and performance, and addressing challenges and promoting support systems. Teachers emphasized the need for continuous government support, adequate materials, and community involvement to fully implement and sustain the Marungko Approach. Overall, the study underscores the critical role of teacher adaptability and support systems in enhancing early reading instruction through the Marungko framework.Item Lived experiences of reading coordinators in public secondary schoolsAlao, Felicitas L. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)Teaching reading to learners is crucial, as literacy skills are fundamental to academic success, personal development, and lifelong learning. This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of reading coordinators in public secondary schools, focusing on the operation of the school-based literacy programme in the Matanao I and II districts. The research addresses the challenges faced by reading coordinators, their instructional activities, emotions, perceptions, and enabling conditions. Four key questions guide the study that centers on investigating the coordinators' experiences, challenges, initiatives to improve reading proficiency, and learning insights. The findings reveal a cyclic process in the implementation, involving pretests, differentiated support, progress tracking, post-tests, and feedback. The challenges include time management, students' negative attitudes, insufficient technical assistance, and a lack of parental support. Meanwhile, initiatives to enhance proficiency include a collarbone reading approach. Learning insights emphasize collaboration among stakeholders, mastery of reading development processes, and teachers' commitment. The study concludes with recommendations for restructuring the school-based reading program, addressing factors affecting low proficiency levels, benefiting students through creative interventions, and offering valuable insights for future researches exploring related variables.Item Assesment on solid waste management practices among elementary schools.Balandra, Edisa P. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)The study was conducted to determine the Solid Waste Management Practices and Implementation program among the elementary school community in the South District, Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur. A randomized sampling of respondents mainly elementary pupils, teachers, and school administrators, were surveyed. The results indicated that most of the respondents across all groups were female. 64.80% of the pupils were 11 years old, while the teachers were primarily in their late twenties to early thirties with 19%. In contrast, administrators mostly belonged to 50's age brackets with 53.8%. The analysis revealed that the level of awareness of Solid Waste Management in elementary schools’ community has an overall mean of 4.13 which suggests that the respondents are aware of the problem. While the level of implementation of solid waste management was oftentimes manifested with over-all mean of 4.09. It was also found out that there is a significant relationship between and implementation in solid waste management with Pearson r- value of 0.269 indicates a low positive relationship. This suggests that as awareness increases, the level of implementation also tends to increase, but the relationship is not perfectly strong. Therefore, it is important to sustain and enhance awareness programs for solid waste management in the school community. Improved awareness programs can increase levels of environmental responsibility among pupils, teachers, and administrators.Item Assessing school success through the 2020 global education frameworkSalasain, Lyca Fea P. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)In light of the OECD's "A Framework to Guiding and Education Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020", this research aims to investigate various stakeholders' views on academic achievement. A mixed-method research design was adapted from Ivankova and Creswell (2009) and in quantitative data used mean and standard deviation to know the level of school success. The results showed that school heads, teachers' leagues, SPTA officers, and SPG officers achieved a very level of success in 2020 Global Education in terms of the following areas: technical infrastructure availability; student emotional health; finding a balance between screen-free and digital activities; parental support for learning at home; effective communication with parents to coordinate learning-based curricula; and teachers' ability or willingness to adapt to situational changes. The themes that emerged were the following: mental awareness, technology, and instructional aid devices, curriculum assessment, and community engagement for the school heads. Themes on adaptive teachers and community collaboration, technology, managing technology, digital expertise, curriculum development and evaluation and assessment, and community involvement for the teachers. Physical resources, technology and parents' intervention, lesson planning and teachers' professional growth, assessment results, full support from parents to learners for the SPTA Officers and sustainable learning resources, safe physical learning environment, parental involvement, and students' engagement, reading assessment results and support system for the SPGs Officers.Item Ethnobotanical documentation of medicinal plants use by Tagakaulo tribe in Sta. Maria Davao OccidentalPendon, Maren M. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)This study investigates the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants used by the Tagakaulo tribe of Sta. Maria, Davao Occidental. Seventy-one informants predominately female (80%), with housewives representing the largest group users participated in semi-structured interviews, medicinal plants within the community. A total of 67 medicinal plants from 35 families were documented, addressing ailments across 15 disease categories. The Malvaceae family was notably represented, being used to treat nine illnesses in six disease categories. Decoction was the preferred preparation method, commonly used for drinking, bathing and soaking while leaves were commonly utilized plant part. Five ethnobotanical indices applied to evaluate the importance of plants: Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Cultural Importance Value (CIV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Use Diversity (UD). Euphorbia hirta L. exhibited the highest values with an RFC of 0.887, UV of 0.079, CIV of 2.295 and UD of 0.333, commonly used to treat sore eyes, postpartum recovery, dengue, fever and stomachache. The disease category "Abnormal Signs and Symptoms" recorded the highest number of use-reports (608), with an ICF of 0.964 and Use Value of 8.56, indicating significant cultural agreement and perceived efficacy. By implementing these recommendations through Information Dissemination Education Program such as pamphlets and booklet, these ethnobotanical knowledge of the Tagakaulo tribe can be effectively preserved while contributing to community and scientific innovation.Item Navigating the unknown:Borlaza, Melanie G. (Davao del Sur State College, 2025-06)This study investigated the lived experiences and perceptions of elementary school teachers regarding leadership rotation in public schools. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological research design, the study engaged ten elementary school teachers from the Division of Digos City. Data gathered through in-depth interviews revealed three essential themes on teachers' experiences on leadership rotation: instructional and policy changes, professional and emotional responses, and job stability and growth. In terms of coping mechanisms to ensure professional competencies under changing leadership, the themes identified were ensuring teaching stability, adapting to leadership transitions, and building peer support systems. Furthermore, teachers' insights regarding the effects of leadership rotation on school management highlighted three key themes: strengthening school culture through leadership stability, mitigating negative effects of leadership rotation, and adapting teaching practices to leadership changes. The findings emphasize the complexities and adaptive strategies teachers employ in response to leadership transitions. It is recommended that education stakeholders develop structured support programs to help teachers maintain professional stability and instructional quality during leadership rotations.Item Learning environment , psychological wellness and quality of work life among public secondary school science teachersPailano, Jecelin B. (Davao Del Sur State College, 2025-06)This study was conducted to determine interrelationships among the learning environment, psychological wellness, and quality of work life among public secondary school science teachers in MABAMA Cluster. Utilizing an Exploratory sequential design, data were gathered from 105 science teachers across all public secondary schools in MABAMA through standardized questionnaires assessing the physical, social, and instructional dimensions of the learning environment, indicators of psychological wellness such as stress, resilience, and job satisfaction, and components of quality of work life including workload balance, professional growth opportunities, and institutional support. Statistical analyses, including Mean ,Standard Deviation, Pearson R, and Multiple regression Analysis, revealed significant positive relationships between supportive learning environments and both psychological wellness and quality of work life. Furthermore, psychological wellness was found to mediate the relationship between the learning environment and quality of work life. These findings underscore the importance of fostering a healthy and supportive school environment to enhance the well-being and professional satisfaction of science educators. Recommendations include strengthening administrative support systems, implementing teacher wellness programs, and promoting a collaborative and resource-rich teaching environment to sustain a high quality of work life among public school teachers.
